Study of the profile of antibiotic resistance of autochthonous microorganisms
УДК: 663.18:504.53 DOI: 10.31588/2413_4201_1883_2_255_142
Keywords:
antibiotic resistance, soil, autochthonous bacteria, disk diffusion methodAbstract
One of the areas of using biotechnology in agriculture is the use of biological products based on effective soil microorganisms. The importance of bacterization is undeniable, since it allows you to completely abandon the use of chemicals (nitrogen, phosphorus, etc.). When using biological products, not only yields increase, but also product quality, and plant resistance to adverse factors (pests) increases. A positive effect of inoculation on the growth of various plants has been revealed. The concomitant effect of antagonism of bacteria that form the basis of the biological product against phytopathogens is also positive. At the same time, the mechanisms of their antagonistic activity are different: synthesis of antibiotics, phytohormones, siderophores, prevention of pathogen action.
The widespread use of antibacterial drugs (antibiotics) has led to an increase in the frequency of resistance to antimicrobial drugs not only among pathogenic microorganisms, but even among bacteria that antibiotics do not directly affect. Multiple resistance of soil bacteria to antibiotics may be associated with changes in their genome, which in turn may affect the physiological and biochemical properties of resistant strains. Genes responsible for bacterial resistance to antibiotics can be quickly transferred from donor bacteria to recipient bacteria in the process of horizontal transfer, which will ultimately lead to an increase in antibiotic-resistant microbial communities dangerous to humans.
Diazotrophic, phosphate-mobilizing, and hydrocarbon-oxidizing autochthonous bacteria – Staphylococcus warneri, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, Bacillus thuringiensis, Brevibacillus laterosporus, and Shinella zoogloeoides – were isolated from various soils of the Republic of Tatarstan, studied, and selected for the creation of biological preparations. The disk-diffusion method was used to determine the profile of antibiotic resistance in them. Twelve antibiotics were studied: azithromycin, ampicillin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, novobiocin, ofloxacin, rifampicin, streptomycin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and erythromycin. It has been established that each of the six strains has resistance to at least one antibiotic. Achromobacter xylosoxidans is resistant to the greatest number of antibiotics (4 out of 12). Only two strains, Bacillus thuringiensis and Brevibacillus laterosporus, are sensitive to erythromycin. Among the studied strains, resistance to azithromycin and fluoroquinolones (ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin) was not found, which makes these antibiotics the most promising in clinical practice.
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